Google reveals Gmail hacking, likely from China

(Reuters) - Hackers likely based in China tried to break into hundreds of Google mail accounts, including those of senior U.S. government officials, Chinese activists and journalists, the Internet company said on Wednesday.

The unknown perpetrators, who appeared to originate from Jinan in Shandong province, recently tried to crack and monitor email accounts by stealing passwords, but Google detected and "disrupted" their campaign, the world's largest Web search company said on its official blog.

The revelation comes more than a year after Google disclosed a cyberattack on its systems that it said it traced to China, and could further strain an already tense relationship between the Web giant and Beijing.

That incident also triggered a highly charged debate over the country's censorship and rigid control of the Internet. Google eventually all but pulled out of the world's largest Internet market by users.

"Investors would like to see Google figure out a way to operate in China, and capitalize on the growth of the country," said Cowen and Co analyst Jim Friedland.

"It's been a tough relationship. And this highlights that it continues to be a tough relationship," he said.
A U.S. government spokesman said it was looking into the incident but declined further comment.

"We recently uncovered a campaign to collect user passwords, likely through phishing," Google said in a post on its corporate blog on Thursday. "The goal of this effort seems to have been to monitor the contents of these users' emails."

It "affected what seem to be the personal Gmail accounts of hundreds of users, including among others, senior U.S. government officials, Chinese political activists, officials in several Asian countries (predominantly South Korea), military personnel and journalists."

NO OFFICIALS TARGETED?

The events leading to Goggle's withdrawal from China exacerbated an often difficult relationship between Washington and Beijing, with disputes ranging from human rights to trade.
The attacks revealed Wednesday were also the latest computer-based invasions directed at western companies. The United States has warned that a cyberattack -- presumably if it is devastating enough -- could result in real-world military retaliation, although analysts say it could be difficult to detect its origin with full accuracy.

Lockheed Martin Corp, the U.S. government's top information technology provider, said last week it had thwarted "a significant and tenacious attack" on its information systems network, though no signs pointed to a Chinese origin.

The White House said it was investigating the claims, but referred Reuters to law enforcement.
"We're looking into these reports and are seeking to gather the facts," said White House spokesman

Tommy Vietor. "We have no reason to believe that any official U.S. Government email accounts were accessed. I'd refer you to FBI for additional details."

FBI spokeswoman Jenny Shearer said: "We are aware of Google's announcement regarding attempts to obtain passwords and gain access to these accounts. We are working with Google to review this matter."

Cyberattacks originating in China have become very common in recent years, said Bruce Schneier, chief security technology officer at telecommunications company BT.

"It's not just the Chinese government. It's independent actors within China who are working with the tacit approval of the government," he said.

While Google said last year's attack was aimed at its "corporate infrastructure," the latest incident appears to have relied on tricking email users into revealing passwords, based on Google's description in its blog post.

It said the perpetrators changed the victims' email forwarding settings, presumably secretly sending the victims' personal emails to other recipients.

Schneier said the details that Google has released about the email hijacking do not appear that unusual.

"For the past five years we've known that the Chinese conduct a lot of espionage over the Internet," he said.

The bigger question, he said, was why Google was choosing to publicize this attack now.

The company said it notified the victims and relevant governments.

"It's important to stress that our internal systems have not been affected -- these account hijackings were not the result of a security problem with Gmail itself," Google said.

The company's shares finished 0.7 percent lower at $525.60.

(Reporting by Alexei Oreskovic and Edwin Chan; additional reporting by Alister Bull in Washington D.C; Editing by Andre Grenon, Phil Berlowitz)

-Alexei Oreskovic and Edwin Chan
SAN FRANCISCO/LOS ANGELES | Thu Jun 2, 2011 5:17am IST

ALTERNATIVE RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

There are two main fibrous raw materials used in papermaking, woodchips (43%) and recovered paper (42%), the rest being other pulp (1%) and non-fibrous materials (14%). In addition, a quantity of additives (mainly natural mineral fillers) and dyestuffs are used together with traces of auxiliary chemicals.

So basically the forest provide directly and indirectly all the primary raw material required to make paper. In prehistoric times, forests covered over 80% of Europe. But an ever increasing demand for land for food production, and the rapid changes during the industrialisation period, led to extensive exploitation and the area of forest was reduced to less than one quarter by the end of the 19th century. However, once man began to realise the value of wood as a resource, this decline was reversed through the large-scale reforestation of the past 150 years. In 2002 the recorded area of Europe's forests was 329 million hectares, and today is about 30% of the land area.

Wood is the primary raw material for the pulp and paper industry because it is the main source of cellulose fibre. Non-wood materials, for example cotton and cereal crops such as straw, can be used for papermaking but the advantage of a year-round wood supply, combined with the product diversity made possible by mixing wood fibres, has made it the most practical and economic option. However, nowadays the paper demand is increasing and in order to be sustainable, papermaking has to manage the forest resources, with the risk of a shortage of suitable raw materials.

Other alternative materials, rich in cellulose, were tested in the last decade, for example wheat straw, surplus of which is available in many EU member states, or beet pulp residual from the sugar production process; however, quality issues have generally prevented their use.

Apparently, for this issue, biotechnology's potential isn't fully exploited. In fact novel pulping process could be developed, aimed to overcome the above mentioned quality problems (that are mainly due to too short cellulose fibres); for instance, several microfungi are able to produce cellulose-like biopolymers, growing directly on vegetable biomasses or even on paper industry effluents.

Another option could be starch, that has been used extensively in paper industry, for different uses, mainly in its native form. The development of new efficient starch derivatives with a high degree of hydroxyl groups, obtained by chemical and biological modifications, allow the bonding promotion between short fibres, creating new, longer ones, thus allowing the production of stronger paper of better quality.

Most probably, it will be impossible replace the woodpulp for papermaking, but a modern approach to the preliminary stages of the process could allow a reduction of virgin fibres needed for good quality paper.

Triple suns over China



The sun is shadowed by two smaller twins due to an astronomical phenomenon called phantom sun.